-
1 opponent
nounGegner, der/Gegnerin, die* * *[ə'pəunənt](a person who opposes: an opponent of the government; He beat his opponent by four points.) der/die Gegner(in)- academic.ru/51913/opportune">opportune- opportunely
- opportuneness
- opportunism
- opportunist* * *op·po·nent[əˈpəʊnənt, AM -ˈpoʊ-]to face an \opponent einem Gegner begegnen* * *[ə'pəʊnənt]nGegner(in) m(f); (in debate, battle of wits etc also) Opponent m* * *A adj2. entgegenstehend, -gesetzt ( beide:to dat), gegnerisch* * *nounGegner, der/Gegnerin, die* * *n.Gegner - m.Kontrahend m.Widerpart m. -
2 ♦ opponent
♦ opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/A n.2 (comm.) concorrenteB a.( raro) contrario; opposto● (anat.) opponent muscle, muscolo opponente. -
3 opponent
opponent n -
4 opponent
ə'pəunənt(a person who opposes: an opponent of the government; He beat his opponent by four points.) adversario, oponente- opportunely
- opportuneness
- opportunism
- opportunist
opponent n adversario / contrincantetr[ə'pəʊnənt]1 adversario,-a, oponente nombre masulino o femeninoopponent [ə'po:nənt] n: oponente mf; opositor m, -tora f; contrincante mf (en deportes)n.• adversario s.m.• antagonista s.m.,f.• competidor, -ora s.m.,f.• contrario s.m.• contrincante s.m.• opositor s.m.ə'pəʊnənta) (of a regime, policy) opositor, -tora m,f; ( in debate) adversario, -ria m,f, oponente mfopponents of the government's defense policy — quienes se oponen a or los opositores de la política de defensa del gobierno
b) (Games, Sport) contrincante mf, rival mf, oponente mf[ǝ'pǝʊnǝnt]N adversario(-a) m / f, contrincante mf ; (in debate, discussion) oponente mf, adversario(-a) m / f* * *[ə'pəʊnənt]a) (of a regime, policy) opositor, -tora m,f; ( in debate) adversario, -ria m,f, oponente mfopponents of the government's defense policy — quienes se oponen a or los opositores de la política de defensa del gobierno
b) (Games, Sport) contrincante mf, rival mf, oponente mf -
5 opponent
قِرْن \ opponent: sb. who opposes; (in sport and games) sb. whom we are playing or competing against: We easily beat our opponents. \ مُعَارِض \ opponent: sb. who opposes; (in sport and games) sb. whom we are playing or competing against: We easily beat our opponents. -
6 opponent
مُنَاوئ \ adverse: unfavourable: an adverse report; adverse winds that delay sailing. opponent: sb. who opposes; (in sport and games) sb. whom we are playing or competing against: We easily beat our opponents. -
7 opponent
خَصْم \ antagonist: sb. that one struggles against, esp. in a fight. enemy: sb. who hates; sb. who harms: Rich business men have many enemies. Cats are the enemies of mice. foe: old word for enemy. opponent: sb. who opposes; (in sport and games) sb. whom we are playing or competing against: We easily beat our opponents. rival: one who competes with another (because he wants to be more successful, or because they both want the same thing): my business rivals; rivals in love. \ See Also عدو (عَدُوّ)، منافس (مُنَافِس) -
8 throw one's opponent
-
9 a placa un adversar sport (la rugbi)
to tackle an opponent.Română-Engleză dicționar expresii > a placa un adversar sport (la rugbi)
-
10 Gegner
1. opponent (auch Sport); stärker: antagonist; (Feind [-in]) enemy, foe lit.; (Angreifer[in]) assailant; (Rivale, Rivalin) rival, competitor; JUR. opposing party, other side; sich (Dat) jemanden zum Gegner machen make an enemy of s.o., antagonize s.o.; jemanden zum Gegner haben have s.o. as a rival etc., have to compete against s.o.2. (Ggs. Verfechter[in], Anhänger[in]) opponent; ein Gegner der Todesstrafe / von Gewalt sein be against, strongly oppose* * *der Gegnerassailant; opponent; rival; assailer; enemy; adversary; opposer; foe; objector; deprecator* * *Geg|ner ['geːgnɐ]1. m -s, -,Gég|ne|rin[-ərɪn]2. f -, -nenopponent (AUCH SPORT), adversary; (= Rivale) rival; (= Feind) enemyein Gégner der Todesstrafe sein — to be against or opposed to capital punishment
* * *Geg·ner(in)<-s, ->[ˈge:gnɐ]1. (Feind) enemy2. (Gegenspieler) opponent, adversary, rival3. JUR adversary, opponent4. SPORT opponent, opposing team* * *der; Gegners, Gegner1) adversary; opponent; (Rivale) rivalein Gegner einer Sache (Gen.) sein — oppose something; be an opponent of something
2) (Sport) opponent; (Mannschaft) opposing team3) (Milit.) enemy* * *1. opponent (auch Sport); stärker: antagonist; (Feind[-in]) enemy, foe liter; (Angreifer[in]) assailant; (Rivale, Rivalin) rival, competitor; JUR opposing party, other side;sich (dat)jemanden zum Gegner machen make an enemy of sb, antagonize sb;jemanden zum Gegner haben have sb as a rival etc, have to compete against sb2. (Ggs Verfechter[in], Anhänger[in]) opponent;ein Gegner der Todesstrafe/von Gewaltsein be against, strongly oppose* * *der; Gegners, Gegner1) adversary; opponent; (Rivale) rivalein Gegner einer Sache (Gen.) sein — oppose something; be an opponent of something
2) (Sport) opponent; (Mannschaft) opposing team3) (Milit.) enemy* * *- m.adversary n.enemy n.objector n.opponent n.opposer n. -
11 avversario
(pl -ri) 1. adj opposing2. m, avversaria f opponent* * *◆ s.m. opponent, adversary, antagonist: avversario politico, political opponent; battere l'avversario, to beat one's opponent; era più forte di tutti i suoi avversari, he was stronger than all his opponents (o rivals).* * *[avver'sarjo] avversario -ria, -ri, -rie1. agg2. sm/fSport opponent, Pol adversary, opponent* * *1. 2.* * *avversariopl. -ri, - rie /avver'sarjo, ri, rje/(f. -a) adversary; pol. sport opponent; (in giochi, gare) contestant. -
12 Gegnerin
die Gegnerinfoe; enemy* * *die; Gegnerin, Gegnerinnen1) s. Gegner 1)2) (Sport) opponent* * *1. opponent (auch Sport); stärker: antagonist; (Feind[-in]) enemy, foe liter; (Angreifer[in]) assailant; (Rivale, Rivalin) rival, competitor; JUR opposing party, other side;sich (dat)jemanden zum Gegner machen make an enemy of sb, antagonize sb;jemanden zum Gegner haben have sb as a rival etc, have to compete against sb2. (Ggs Verfechter[in], Anhänger[in]) opponent;ein Gegner der Todesstrafe/von Gewaltsein be against, strongly oppose* * *die; Gegnerin, Gegnerinnen1) s. Gegner 1)2) (Sport) opponent -
13 foul
1. adjective1) ((especially of smell or taste) causing disgust: a foul smell.) asqueroso, fétido2) (very unpleasant; nasty: a foul mess.) horrible
2. noun(an action etc which breaks the rules of a game: The other team committed a foul.) falta
3. verb1) (to break the rules of a game (against): He fouled his opponent.) cometer una falta contra2) (to make dirty, especially with faeces: Dogs often foul the pavement.) ensuciar•foul1 adj sucio / asqueroso / horriblefoul2 n faltareferee! that was a foul! ¡árbitro! ¡ha sido falta!
foul /'faul/ sustantivo masculino (pl ' foul' also found in these entries: Spanish: área - café - deslenguada - deslenguado - falta - guarrada - guarrería - hablada - hablado - heder - hedionda - hediondo - hostia - linier - malhablada - malhablado - malhumor - maloliente - malsana - malsano - malsonante - morder - pestilente - pitar - sucia - sucio - uva - viciada - viciado - antirreglamentario - asco - cabreo - endemoniado - faul - faulear - fétido - inmundo - jayán - juego - leche - perro - técnica English: fair - foul - foul play - foul up - march out - means - playtr[faʊl]1 (dirty, disgusting) asqueroso,-a; (smell) fétido,-a3 (language) grosero,-a, obsceno,-a4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (unfair) sucio,-a, tramposo,-a5 formal use (evil) vil, atroz6 (chimney, pipe etc) atascado,-a1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL falta (on, contra)2 (snag) enredar3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL cometer una falta contra1 enredarse en\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto foul one's own nest tirar piedras contra su propio tejadofoul ['faʊl] vi: cometer faltas (en deportes)foul vt1) dirty, pollute: contaminar, ensuciar2) tangle: enredarfoul adv1) foully2) : contra las reglasfoul adj1) repulsive: asqueroso, repugnante2) clogged: atascado, obstruido3) tangled: enredado4) obscene: obsceno5) bad: malofoul weather: mal tiempo6) : antirreglamentario (en deportes)foul n: falta f, faul madj.• estropeado, -a adj.adj.• asqueroso, -a adj.• carroño, -a adj.• fétido, -a adj.• infecto, -a adj.• puerco, -a adj.• sucio, -a adj.• vil adj.n.• falta s.f.• fétido s.m.• juego sucio s.m.v.• cometer una falta v.• ensuciar v.faʊl
I
adjective -er, -est1) ( offensive) < smell> nauseabundo, fétido; < taste> repugnante, asqueroso; < air> viciado; < water> infecto2)to be in a foul mood — estar* de un humor de perros (fam)
b) ( wicked) (liter) <deed/crime> vil (liter), abyecto3) ( obscene) <language/gesture> ordinario, grosero
II
noun falta f, faul m or foul m (AmL)
III
1.
1) ( pollute) \<\<water/air\>\> contaminar2)a) ( block) \<\<drain/chimney\>\> obstruir*b) ( entangle) \<\<rope/chain\>\> enredar3) ( Sport) cometer una falta or (AmL tb) un foul or faul contra, faulear (AmL)
2.
vi1) ( Sport) cometer* faltas or (AmL tb) fauls or fouls, faulear (AmL)2) ( become entangled) \<\<rope/chain\>\> enredarse•Phrasal Verbs:- foul up[faʊl]1. ADJ(compar fouler) (superl foulest)1) (=disgusting) [place] asqueroso; [smell] pestilente, fétido; [taste] repugnante, asqueroso2) (=bad) [water] sucio, contaminado; [air] viciado; [breath] fétido3) * (=nasty) [weather] de perros *, malísimoit's a foul day — hace un día de perros *, hace un día malísimo
I've had a foul day — he tenido un día malísimo, he tenido un día de perros *
she has a foul temper — tiene muy malas pulgas *, tiene un genio de mil demonios *
4) (=obscene) ordinario, grosero- have a foul mouth5) (=base, immoral) [lie, calumny, crime] vil, terrible6) (Sport) [shot, ball] nulo; [blow, tackle] sucio; [kick] antirreglamentario7) (in phrases)to fall foul of the law — enfrentarse con la justicia, vérselas con la ley *
2.N (Sport) falta f (on contra)3. VT1) (=pollute) [+ air] viciar, contaminar; [+ water] contaminar; (=dirty) ensuciar2) (Sport) [+ opponent] cometer una falta contra3) (=entangle) [+ fishing line, net, rope] enredar4) (=block) [+ pipe] atascar, obstruir5) (Naut) (=hit) chocar contra4. VI1) (Sport) cometer faltas2) (=become entangled) [fishing line, rope, nets] enredarse5.CPDfoul play N — (Sport) jugada f antirreglamentaria, juego m sucio
the police suspect foul play — (Jur) la policía sospecha que se trata de un crimen
- foul up* * *[faʊl]
I
adjective -er, -est1) ( offensive) < smell> nauseabundo, fétido; < taste> repugnante, asqueroso; < air> viciado; < water> infecto2)to be in a foul mood — estar* de un humor de perros (fam)
b) ( wicked) (liter) <deed/crime> vil (liter), abyecto3) ( obscene) <language/gesture> ordinario, grosero
II
noun falta f, faul m or foul m (AmL)
III
1.
1) ( pollute) \<\<water/air\>\> contaminar2)a) ( block) \<\<drain/chimney\>\> obstruir*b) ( entangle) \<\<rope/chain\>\> enredar3) ( Sport) cometer una falta or (AmL tb) un foul or faul contra, faulear (AmL)
2.
vi1) ( Sport) cometer* faltas or (AmL tb) fauls or fouls, faulear (AmL)2) ( become entangled) \<\<rope/chain\>\> enredarse•Phrasal Verbs:- foul up -
14 foul
I 1. [faʊl]1) (putrid) [ place] sporco, sozzo, sudicio; [ conditions] pessimo, terribile; [ air] viziato; [smell, taste] disgustoso, schifoso; [ water] putrido2) (grim) [weather, day] orribile4) (offensive) [ language] scurrile5) (unsporting) sleale2.••II [faʊl]to fall foul of sb. — (fall out with) scontrarsi o entrare in conflitto con qcn
nome sport fallo m. (by di; on su)III [faʊl]1) (pollute) inquinare, contaminare [ environment]; sporcare [ pavement]2) (become tangled) [weeds, ropes] impigliarsi in [engine, propeller]•- foul up* * *1. adjective1) ((especially of smell or taste) causing disgust: a foul smell.) cattivo2) (very unpleasant; nasty: a foul mess.) ripugnante2. noun(an action etc which breaks the rules of a game: The other team committed a foul.) fallo, infrazione3. verb1) (to break the rules of a game (against): He fouled his opponent.) commettere un fallo2) (to make dirty, especially with faeces: Dogs often foul the pavement.) sporcare, insozzare•* * *[faʊl]1. adj(putrid, disgusting: smell, breath, taste) disgustoso (-a), rivoltante, (water, air) puzzolente, fetido (-a), (nasty: weather) brutto (-a), orribile, (mood) pessimo (-a), nero (-a), (obscene: language) volgare, osceno (-a), (deed) infameto fall foul of sb/the law — entrare in contrasto con qn/con la giustizia
2. nFtbl fallo, Boxing colpo basso3. vt1) (pollute: air) appestare2) (Sport: opponent) commettere un fallo su3) (entangle: anchor, propeller) impigliare•- foul up* * *foul /faʊl/A a.1 disgustoso; orribile; pessimo; schifoso: foul weather, tempo orribile; tempaccio; a foul temper, un brutto carattere; un caratteraccio; a foul day, una giornata orribile; una giornataccia; a foul meal, un pasto schifoso; He was in a foul mood, era di pessimo umore2 (rif. a odore) fetido; disgustoso; nauseante; schifoso: foul smell, odore disgustoso; puzza; foul air, aria irrespirabile; foul breath, alito fetido3 osceno; sconcio; scurrile; triviale: foul language, linguaggio osceno; oscenità (pl.); ( sport, calcio) foul and abusive language, linguaggio offensivo, ingiurioso o minaccioso6 otturato; intasato; ingorgato; ostruito: a foul pipe, una tubatura otturata; a foul chimney, un camino ostruito; foul with weeds, ostruito da erbacce9 (naut.: di costa, fondale) pieno di scogli; rocciosoB avv.disonestamente; scorrettamenteC n.1 azione scorretta; atto sleale2 ( sport) fallo; infrazione; intervento falloso: to commit a foul, commettere un fallo; a blatant foul, un fallo clamoroso5 (naut.) collisione● foul ball, ( baseball) palla fuori; ( slang USA) individuo inetto, buono a nulla □ (naut.) foul berth, cattivo ormeggio □ (naut.) foul bill of health, patente di sanità sporca □ (geol.) foul clay, galestro □ (relig.) the foul fiend, il demonio, il Maligno □ ( basket) foul line, linea di tiro libero □ foul mouth, tendenza a usare oscenità: to have a foul mouth, essere sboccato (o scurrile) □ foul-mouthed, sboccato; scurrile; triviale □ foul play, ( sport) gioco falloso (o scorretto); fallosità; (fig.) comportamento disonesto, gioco sporco; ( anche) azione criminale: The police suspect foul play, la polizia sospetta che si tratti di omicidio [di un attentato, ecc.] □ ( basket) foul shot, tiro libero ( di punizione) □ by fair means or foul, con ogni mezzo, lecito o illecito; con le buone o con le cattive; di riffa o di raffa □ to fall foul of, (naut.) entrare in collisione con; (fig.) scontrarsi con, urtarsi con, cadere preda di, cadere in (una trappola, ecc.), infrangere (una regola, una legge): to fall foul of the law, incorrere nei rigori della legge □ in fair weather or foul, con bello o col cattivo tempo □ to play sb. foul, ingannare q.; trattare q. in modo sleale □ to run foul of, (naut.) entrare in collisione con; (fig.) scontrarsi con, entrare in conflitto con.(to) foul /faʊl/A v. t.1 imbrattare; insozzare; insudiciare2 contaminare; infettare; inquinare: to foul the waters of a river, contaminare (o inquinare) le acque di un fiume; to foul the air, inquinare l'aria3 (fig.) disonorare; macchiare; insozzare; screditare: to foul one's good name, sporcarsi la reputazione; insozzare il proprio buon nome6 (naut.) entrare in collisione con; investire; urtareB v. i.1 insozzarsi; insudiciarsi; sporcarsi4 (naut.) urtarsi; entrare in collisione● (fig.) to foul one's ( own) nest, danneggiare se stessi (o i propri interessi); tirare sassi in piccionaia.* * *I 1. [faʊl]1) (putrid) [ place] sporco, sozzo, sudicio; [ conditions] pessimo, terribile; [ air] viziato; [smell, taste] disgustoso, schifoso; [ water] putrido2) (grim) [weather, day] orribile4) (offensive) [ language] scurrile5) (unsporting) sleale2.••II [faʊl]to fall foul of sb. — (fall out with) scontrarsi o entrare in conflitto con qcn
nome sport fallo m. (by di; on su)III [faʊl]1) (pollute) inquinare, contaminare [ environment]; sporcare [ pavement]2) (become tangled) [weeds, ropes] impigliarsi in [engine, propeller]•- foul up -
15 Finalgegner
-
16 adversaire
adversaire [advεʀsεʀ]masculine noun, feminine nounadversary ; [de théorie, traité] opponent* * *advɛʀsɛʀnom masculin et féminin gén opponent; Armée adversary* * *advɛʀsɛʀ nmfSPORT opponent, (d'une manière générale, en politique) opponent, adversary, MILITAIRE enemy* * *[advɛrsɛr] nom masculin et féminin -
17 Gegner
1) ( Feind) enemy;2) ( Gegenspieler) opponent, adversary, rival3) jur adversary, opponent4) sport opponent, opposing team -
18 vis-à-vis
vis-à-vis [vizavi]1. preposition2. adverb( = face à face) face to face3. invariable masculine nouna. ( = position) en vis-à-vis facing each otherb. ( = tête-à-tête) encounterc. ( = personne faisant face) person opposite ; (aux cartes) ( = partenaire) partner ; ( = homologue) opposite numberd. ( = bâtiment) immeuble sans vis-à-vis building with an open outlook* * *vizavi
1.
nom masculin invariable1) ( bâtiment)2) ( personne) (à table, dans le train) person opposite; ( voisin d'en face) person who lives opposite3) ( position)5) ( rencontre face-à-face) meeting, encounter
2.
vis-à-vis de locution prépositive1) ( à l'égard de)2) ( comparé à) beside* * *vizavi1. advvis-à-vis de — opposite, figtowards, vis-à-vis
2. nm1) (= personne) counterpart2)* * *A nm inv1 ( bâtiment) avoir la prison pour vis-à-vis to live opposite the prison; maison sans vis-à-vis house with an open outlook;2 ( personne) (à table, dans le train) person opposite; ( voisin d'en face) person who lives opposite; j'ai demandé du feu à mon vis-à-vis I asked the person opposite for a light;4 Sport opponent;5 ( rencontre face-à-face) meeting, encounter;6 ( sofa) vis-à-vis, tête-à-tête.B vis-à-vis de loc prép1 ( à l'égard de) vis-à-vis de qch in relation to sth; vis-à-vis de qn towards sb; être honnête vis-à-vis de soi-même to be honest with oneself;2 ( comparé à) mon malheur n'est rien vis-à-vis du vôtre my misfortune is nothing beside yours; le dollar s'effrite vis-à-vis des monnaies européennes the dollar is declining against European currencies.[vizavi] nom masculin1. [personne en face]faire vis-à-vis à quelqu'un to be opposite somebody, to face somebody2. [immeuble d'en face]3. [canapé] tête-à-têtevis-à-vis de locution prépositionnelle1. [en face de]en vis-à-vis locution adverbialeêtre en vis-à-vis to be opposite each other, to be facing each otherassis en vis-à-vis sitting opposite each other ou face-to-face -
19 avversario
-
20 shut out
transitive verbaussperren; versperren [Aussicht]; (exclude from view) verdecken; (prevent) ausschließen [Gefahr, Möglichkeit]* * *◆ shut outvt1. (block out)the double glazing \shut outs out most of the traffic noise die doppelten Fenster halten den größten Teil des Verkehrlärms abto \shut out out the light das Licht abschirmento \shut out out pain Schmerz ausschalten2. (exclude)to \shut out sb out of power jdn nicht an der Macht teilhaben lassen▪ to \shut out out ⇆ sb jdn zu null schlagen* * *vt sep1) person, oneself aussperren (of aus); view versperren; light, world nicht hereinlassen (of in +acc)the child was shut out of the house — das Kind war ausgesperrt
don't shut the sun out —
draw the curtains to shut out the light — zieh die Vorhänge zu, damit das Licht nicht hereinfällt
2) (fig) foreign competition ausschalten; memory loswerden, unterdrücken; (= censor) foreign news etc unterdrückenthey shut the opponents out with two hits — sie schalteten ihre Gegner mit zwei Treffern aus
they shut them out 1-0 — sie warfen sie mit 1:0 aus dem Rennen
* * *shut out v/t1. jemanden, auch Licht, Luft etc ausschließen, -sperren2. eine Landschaft etc den Blicken entziehen3. etwas unmöglich machen4. SPORT US einen Gegner zu null besiegen* * *transitive verbaussperren; versperren [Aussicht]; (exclude from view) verdecken; (prevent) ausschließen [Gefahr, Möglichkeit]
См. также в других словарях:
Sport in Cambodia — Cambodia has increasingly become involved in sports over the last 30 years.Football is popular as is martial arts in particular. The martial arts of Bokator, Pradal Serey (Khmer kick boxing) and Khmer traditional wrestling are all practised in… … Wikipedia
Sport in South Korea — South Korea has traditional sports of its own, but sports imported from the West are predominant. Popular sports include hiking, football, baseball, basketball, swimming, athletics, and boxing.Traditional sportsThere are various forms of folk… … Wikipedia
Sport in Brazil — Sports in Brazil which are widely practiced and popular in the country, as well as others which originated there or have some cultural significance. The Brazilian people are very involved in sports, and the most popular one is football by a wide… … Wikipedia
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista — Corinthians Full name Sport Club Corinthians Paulista Nickname(s) Timão Time do Povo Todo Poderoso Coringão … Wikipedia
Squash (sport) — For other uses, see Squash. Squash (sport) Characteristics Contact No Team members Single Categorization Racquet sport … Wikipedia
Ultimate (sport) — Ultimate (often called Ultimate Frisbee in reference to the trademarked brand name) is a non contact team sport played with a 175 gram flying disc. The object of the sport is to score points by passing the disc to a player in the opposing end… … Wikipedia
Submission (combat sport) — A submission (depending on the context also referred to as a tap out or tapping out ) is a combat sports term for yielding to the opponent, and hence resulting in an immediate defeat. The submission is commonly performed by clearly tapping the… … Wikipedia
Triple Peel on Opponent — A Triple Peel on Opponent (TPO) is a standard manoeuvre in top level games of croquet. [Martin Johnson, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS grid= xml=/sport/2008/07/10/socroq110.xml British Open Croquet set for hoop action] … Wikipedia
Downed opponent — A marine stomping a downed opponent. A downed opponent (also called a grounded opponent) is a combatant that is on the ground, as compared to a combatant that is in a standing position. This commonly implies that the downed combatant is lying on… … Wikipedia
Sudden death (sport) — Sudden death (or a sudden death round) is a way of providing a for a contest or game (typically a sport) which would otherwise end in a tie. It provides a victor for the contest without a specific amount of time being required, usually by making… … Wikipedia
Contact sport — Many sports involve a degree of player to player and/or player to object contact. The term contact sport is used in both team sports and combat sports, medical terminology and television game shows, such as the Gladiators and Wipeout, to certain… … Wikipedia